For August 20th
Estonia re-established its independence 13 years ago. A lingering debate, more subdued than a decade ago, keeps alive the notion that August 20, 1991 is equally momentous as is Estonia’s independence day, February 24, 1918.
Substantial differences in events don’t help in resolving the argument. A war of independence was fought prior to Estonia first gaining full independence. In 1991 the re-establishment of independence did not suffer violence or casualties. This was unique for the 20th century for only four instances of unilateral independence declarations were bloodless: Norway breaking from Sweden in 1904; Iceland from Denmark in 1944; Malta from the British empire in 1964; and Estonia in 1991, which regained its independence.
In 1918 Estonia did not have the benefit or previous experience of sovereign statehood, of self-government. By 1991 Estonia could draw on that tradition, on a previous model.
Eighty years ago for Estonia there were two formidable adversaries – Soviet Russia and Germany. In 1991 the enemies were Soviet reactionaries, forces not to be easily discounted.
The 1918-1920 independence struggle was led and manned by a relatively small contingent of people and the activity in Communist Russian eyes was illegal. In 1991 and the few years preceding, the songfests, demonstrations, meetings, congresses were deemed legal and masses of people participated.
Eighty six years ago Estonia couldn’t assume that other countries would come to their aid. Foreign support was open and unequivocal in 1991. Estonians in exile formed an insistent and vociferous lobbying force.
The war of independence was won by an armed Estonian military. In 1991 Estonian weapons were non-existent.
Similarities: in both instances Estonia exploited strategic opportunities: revolutionary Russia in 1918 and an self destructing USSR in 1991 couldn’t muster any meaningful counter-offensive. On both occasions a small nation separated from a colossal state. In both pre-independence periods Estonians were exhausted emotionally and physically from foreign oppression. A surge in national pride, a heightened awareness of national culture, an increase in political activity preceded both historical events. Help from the west was expected during both periods. Both occasions exemplified a unity of spirit and goals, and critical decisions were unanimous.
Which historic date is the true independence day? In time honoured tradition it’s February 24th. But we can also sincerely say today: “Happy re-independence day!” Head taasiseseisvumispäeva!
Arvamus
TRENDING
