Indeed, the study suggests, these incompletely integrated people may come to pose new challenges for these countries because they have the skills and the opportunity to compete with representatives of the titular nationality, a group which they still do not feel themselves to be completely part of.
Tiit Tammaru, a professor of urban geography at the University of Tartu, and one of the co-directors of this study, says that “the traditional measures of integration show us a beautiful trend” in Estonia. “Russian-speaking young people speak Estonian ever better and ever more frequently choose Estonian citizenship," but they continue to live in separate neighborhoods and thus in what he calls “parallel worlds.”
The study, a joint project of the University of Tartu and Delft Technical University, is found at demographic-research.org/volumes/vol35/2/35-2.pdf. For discussions, see rus.err.ee/v/estonia/d49a4d9c-b393-48ee-ba52-837c6fcd6020/issledovanie-geografii-rasseleniya-estontsev-i-russkogovoryashchikh-razrushaet-mif-o-dostizheniyakh-integratsii and nazaccent.ru/content/21334-smi-estoncy-i-russkie-v-estonii.html.
According to Tammaru, a comparison of census data from 2000 and 2011 shows “the difference between the places where Estonians and Russians live is growing very rapidly. Estonians are the more mobile of the too, and Russians continue to settle in those areas of cities where ethnic Russians have traditionally lived.
The Tartu geographer argues that such “growing segregation can present a danger and lead to serious problems,” as has been the case in several large European cities where immigrants have engaged in various kinds of protests even after learning the national language and in some cases becoming citizens of those countries.